The Library

In last year’s Presidential election, the problem of illegal immigration was often center stage. President-elect Trump made it clear that he would be aggressive in rounding up and deporting those who are not lawfully in the United States. During the first Trump Administration, the effort to combat illegal immigration included an increased use of workplace inspections of employers’ hiring records and practices by federal authorities.  There is every reason for employers to anticipate this same type of aggressive enforcement will be pursued following the second Trump inauguration. A focus on workplace hiring practices should come as no surprise.  According to […]

In Royal Canin U. S. A., Inc., v. Wullschleger, No. 23-677, 2025 U.S. LEXIS 365 (2025), the Supreme Court of the United States resolved a circuit split as to whether a plaintiff’s amendment of her complaint after the defendant’s proper removal to federal court can eliminate all federal claims and force remand to state court. This opinion, the Court’s first of 2025, clarifies that federal courts must remand if the amended complaint removes the basis for federal jurisdiction, even if jurisdiction existed at the time of removal. The plaintiff, Ms. Wullschleger, sued Royal Canin in Missouri state court, alleging deceptive […]

The relation-back doctrine plays a pivotal role in litigation, particularly when addressing amendments to pleadings after the statute of limitations has expired. In Virginia, this doctrine and its evolution through case law and legislation have created an intricate legal landscape, making it essential for practitioners to understand its nuances. The relation-back doctrine allows amendments to pleadings to be treated as though they were part of the original filing, provided specific conditions are met. This concept is crucial when the original complaint is filed before the statute of limitations expires, but amendments are sought afterward. The primary question is whether the […]

On January 15, 2025, a unanimous Supreme Court ruled that the preponderance of the evidence standard should be used by courts when determining whether an employer has proven that an employee is exempt and not eligible to be paid overtime.[1] Justice Kavanaugh began his opinion by noting that under the Fair Labor Standard Act (“FLSA”) certain categories of employees are exempt from the minimum wage and overtime pay requirements. Exempt employees “can range from baseball players to seaman to maple syrup processors to software engineers to fire fighters.” The FLSA places the burden on the employer to show that an […]

As a reminder, Virginia is one of eleven states (along with Washington, D.C.) that imposes restrictions on the use of non-compete agreements for so-called “low wage employees.” Effective now in 2025, the salary threshold defining a “low wage employee” in Virginia has increased from $73,320 to $76,081 annually. This adjustment reflects changes to the state’s Average Weekly Wage, as determined by the Virginia Department of Labor and Industry (DOLI). Employers should take note of this updated threshold to ensure compliance with Virginia law regarding non-compete agreements. For a deeper understanding of the “low wage” salary restrictions and how the annual […]